The use of diets high in collagen to improve bone health dates back to ancient cultures. Now Life Extension® brings you an exciting formulation with KoAct™, a patent-pending chelated form of calcium and collagen designed to maintain optimal bone health. KoAct helps maintain bone strength and mineral density. This remarkable ingredient allows for greater strength and flexibility, so your bones can absorb energy, reducing the risk of age-related injuries. Additional plant extracts from bamboo and dried plum have also been added for their bone-protective minerals and polyphenols.

If you need extra bone support, ask your health care profe-ssional how Bone Strength Formula with KoAct™ can be part of a comprehensive nutritional program in conjunction with proper resistance exercise. Life Extension offers many mineral formulas that may complement Bone Strength Formula with KoAct™ to ensure optimal mineral intake. If you have any questions about this, please call a Life Extension® Health Advisor who can help to tailor a supplement program that meets your individual bone-care needs.

Chromium, the metallic element once believed to be toxic, is now generally recognized to play an important role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels in those within normal levels when used as part of a healthy diet.38-40 Clinical studies of age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872 patients indicate the possible benefits of chromium intake for a healthy cardiovascular system and blood sugar levels.41 In addition, supplemental chromium has been shown to promote a healthy cardiovascular system.42-45

For many years, Life Extension® has included niacin in its chromium supplements. In response to evidence that people may benefit from higher doses of chromium, a formula was developed to provide 500 mcg of chromium along with 60 mg of flush-free niacin in just one capsule.42,41 To provide full-spectrum benefits, antioxidants and gene-protecting nutrients like curcumin, resveratrol, and green tea have been included.47,48 A recent study suggested that chromium, together with vitamins C and E, is effective for minimization of oxidative stress and improvement of glucose metabolism for those within normal range.49

Magnesium is one of the body’s most important minerals. It is required as a co-factor in hundreds of enzymatic processes within cells.16 It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, promotes a healthy cardiovascular function, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong. Magnesium also helps maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels already within normal range, and it is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.17,18

Magnesium is a major factor in relaxing the smooth muscles within the blood vessels, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and promoting a healthy cardiovascular system.19-21 Magnesium also affects circulating levels of norepinephrine and the synthesis of serotonin and nitric oxide.16,22-24

Magnesium positively influences the bone mineral matrix and its ability to metabolize minerals needed for repair and rebuilding.25,26 The scientific literature documents the need for a wide range of minerals, including calcium and magnesium, that are vital to maintaining strong, healthy bones.

Many Americans do not obtain adequate amounts of magnesium in their diets.64 The long-term, magnesium-supplemented diet helps maintain normal blood pressure levels already within normal range.65,66 Moreover, there is strong evidence that dietary magnesium intake and supplementation improve metabolic profile.67 Magnesium has been shown to beneficially impact insulin resistance, serum lipid profiles, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and platelet aggregability.68 As magnesium is so inexpensive, everyone should consider supplementing with at least 500 mg of magnesium daily. This product provides one of the highest concentrations of elemental magnesium per capsule available on the market.

Americans have rightly been told to avoid table salt for decades in order to reduce their risk of hypertension and related health conditions. When iodized table salt is reduced, people can unknowingly lower their iodine intake to suboptimal levels. Analyses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show that urinary iodine levels have plummeted since the 1970s.

Iodine is a health-promoting trace element essential for life. Its primary biological role lies in the production of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4).1 T4 and T3 contain four and three atoms of iodine per molecule, respectively. The thyroid gland actively absorbs iodide from the blood to make and release these hormones into the blood.

Iodine is found abundantly in sea vegetables and plants. In areas where no marine foods are eaten, people have lower iodine levels.2 For this reason, US commercial salt manufacturers have added iodine to their product since the 1920s, in order to deliver this key ingredient to your diet. However, we now know the dangers associated with eating too much table salt, resurrecting the dilemma of where to get healthy sources of iodine.

Ironically, health-conscious people are often most likely to develop low iodine levels.3 One reason is that athletes and people engaged in heavy physical effort deplete their natural stores of this trace mineral through perspiration, increasing their need for it. Vegetarians also have substantially greater likelihood of low levels of iodine than carnivorous people, since foods of plant origin are less rich in iodine than animal-derived foods. One study demonstrated iodine deficiency in 25% of vegetarians and 80% of vegans.4

The good news is that you can avoid iodized table salt without sacrificing the health benefits of iodine. For the first time, Life Extension® introduces Sea-Iodine™, a low-cost proprietary formula that health conscious individuals can take each day to support optimal iodine levels. Using standardized extracts harvested from a blend of marine algae, Sea-Iodine™ brings you the health of the sea while avoiding the well known dangers of excessive salt intake.

The purified algae extracts found in Sea-Iodine™ come from the pristine waters of Iceland, Nova Scotia, Italy and Norway, providing over 667% of the Recommended Daily Value of natural iodine.

Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body where it is primarily found in bones and teeth. In bone formation, calcium forms crystals that provide strength to maturing bone. Peak bone mass is usually achieved when people are in their 20s.

Calcium is needed for more than just healthy bones. It is also important for muscle contraction, blood vessel contraction and expansion, the secretion of hormones and enzymes, and sending messages through the nervous system. A meta-analysis of 56 clinical trials demonstrated a significant impact on heart health resulting from increasing calcium intake by 1000 to 2000 mg/day.11 In addition, recent evidence suggests that increased intake of calcium may help to maintain optimal weight as well.12-15

Calcium supplements and your bones

Calcium is an essential mineral that is often inadequately supplied, inefficiently absorbed, or excreted faster than it is being assimilated.61 The citrate salt of calcium has been documented to be well absorbed and utilized by the body.7-10 This is the form many doctors and nutritionists recommend. Calcium citrate dissolves easily even if one doesn’t have much stomach acid. Many people naturally produce less acid as they age, so calcium citrate is a good choice for older adults. Also critically important is the addition of vitamin D3 which stimulates calcium absorption and promotes healthy bone density.62 However, as people age, they often lose the ability to make vitamin D3.63

Benefits of calcium supplements

Calcium and other minerals are best not taken with fiber, because fiber can interfere with their absorption.1-5 There is evidence that calcium from supplements and dairy foods may inhibit iron absorption, although it has been very difficult to distinguish between the effects of calcium on iron absorption versus other inhibitory factors, such as phytate.27 Therefore, if you are iron deficient, it may be best to avoid taking calcium with meals.28

Calcium supplements should always be taken with a full glass of water, juice, or other liquid to enhance solubility.29 If calcium-containing formulas are taken only once daily, they may be best taken in the evening.30

OptiZinc®

Zinc: Promoting immune function and more

Zinc is a mineral that stimulates the activity of approximately 100 enzymes, which are substances that promote biochemical reactions in your body. These reactions are essential for the formation of superoxide dismutase, one of the body’s most important free radical scavengers. Zinc also promotes immune function,112-115 taste sensitivity,116-119 protein and DNA synthesis,120-122 insulin production,123,124 reproductive organ development and sperm motility.125-127 Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence.128-130

Zinc deficiency and the need for zinc supplements

Age-related declines in immune function are associated with zinc deficiency, and the elderly represent a group that is vulnerable to mild zinc deficiency. Certain aspects of immune function in the elderly have been found to improve with zinc supplementation.112-114,116,131

OptiZinc® is a superior bioavailable form of zinc.135

Maintaining strong, healthy bones is key to successful aging. Unfortunately, even health-conscious adults often fail to consume enough calcium, vitamin D, and other nutrients known to protect against age-related loss of bone mineral density.4-8 New research on vitamin D has led an increasing number of experts to advise men and women over age 50 to protect against bone loss by consuming 800–1000 IU (and higher) of vitamin D each day.

The Bone Restore formula provides 1000 IU of vitamin D3. To achieve optimal calcium status, Bone Restore provides 1200 elemental milligrams from three forms of highly absorbable calcium, plus other minerals required to maintain healthy bone density.5, 9-17

In order for calcium to prevent bone loss, adequate amounts of vitamin D3, zinc, manganese, and other nutrients should be readily available so that calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus can be incorporated into the bone matrix. And many commonly used forms of calcium do not absorb particularly well.18-20

Bone Restore delivers a potent dose of magnesium, along with nutrients that enable calcium and magnesium to be incorporated in the bone matrix.4, 21-22

Bone Restore contains a patented form of boron identical to natural plant forms found in food. Considered more bioavailable than other forms of boron, FruiteX B® OsteoBoron® also supports healthy joints.23-25

Bone Restore comes in capsules that burst open within five minutes of being swallowed, making the minerals and other nutrients immediately available for absorption.

Studies indicate that excess fibrinogen is a strong predictive factor of mortality.70,71 It has been suggested that plasma fibrinogen levels are closely and independently associated with the risk of silent cerebrovascular lesions.72,73

Life Extension® has determined that optimal fibrinogen levels should range between 215 and 300 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood. Fibrinogen Resist™ provides targeted nutritional support for those seeking to maintain blood fibrinogen levels in healthy ranges. This formula offers a unique combination of enzymes and antioxidants that support cardiovascular health.

Each capsule of Fibrinogen Resist™ provides NSK-SD™ nattokinase, the most bioactive form of this enzyme available. Nattokinase helps to maintain healthy fibrinolytic activity and clotting function and promotes healthy circulation and blood flow. Also included is Enzogenol®, a pine bark extract that has demonstrated antioxidant and fibrinogen-managing effects. In a study of smokers—who typically have elevated fibrinogen levels—the combination of Enzogenol® and vitamin C significantly helped normalize fibrinogen levels.74

Only Trace Minerals provides bio-available forms of minerals in a convenient, low-cost supplement.

Calcium is the most popular mineral supplement on the market, yet certain forms of calcium tablets are often poorly absorbed by the digestive systems of older people because of insufficient stomach acid.6 The Life Extension Foundation Buyers Club supplies calcium and almost all other mineral supplements only in the form of finely divided mineral powders within capsules that easily disintegrate in the stomach for optimal absorption. Studies have also shown that certain mineral compounds are absorbed better than others.7-10

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body where it is primarily found in bones and teeth. In bone formation, calcium forms crystals that provide strength to maturing bone. Peak bone mass is usually achieved when people are in their 20’s.

Calcium is needed for more than just healthy bones. It is also important for muscle contraction, blood vessel contraction and expansion, the secretion of hormones and enzymes, and sending messages through the nervous system. A meta-analysis of 56 clinical trials demonstrated a significant impact on heart health resulting from increasing calcium intake by 1000 to 2000 mg/day.11 In addition, recent evidence suggests that increased intake of calcium may help in weight control as well.12-15

Magnesium is one of the body’s most important minerals. It is required as a co-factor in hundreds of enzymatic processes within cells.16 It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong.* Magnesium also helps to maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels already within normal range, and is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.17,18*

Magnesium is a major factor in relaxing the smooth muscles within the blood vessels, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and promoting a healthy cardiovascular system.19-21*  Magnesium also affects circulating levels of norepinephrine and the synthesis of serotonin and nitric oxide.16,22-24

In bone mineral health, magnesium (or lack of) influences the bone mineral matrix and its ability to metabolize minerals needed for repair and rebuilding.25, 26 The scientific literature documents the need for a wide range of minerals that are vital to maintaining strong, healthy bones.*

Calcium and other minerals are best not taken with fiber, because fiber can interfere with their absorption.1-5 There is evidence that calcium from supplements and dairy foods may inhibit iron absorption, although it has been very difficult to distinguish between the effects of calcium on iron absorption versus other inhibitory factors such as phytate.27

Therefore, if you are iron deficient, it may be best to avoid taking calcium with meals.28  Calcium supplements are best administered at dinner and/or bedtime. They should always be taken with a full glass of water, juice, or other liquid to enhance solubility.29 If calcium-containing formulas are taken only once daily they may be best taken in the evening. $15.00

Calcium is the most popular mineral supplement on the market, yet certain forms of calcium tablets are often poorly absorbed by the digestive systems of older people because of insufficient stomach acid.6 The Life Extension Foundation Buyers Club supplies calcium and almost all other mineral supplements only in the form of finely divided mineral powders within capsules that easily disintegrate in the stomach for optimal absorption. Studies have also shown that certain mineral compounds are absorbed better than others.7-10

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body where it is primarily found in bones and teeth. In bone formation, calcium forms crystals that provide strength to maturing bone. Peak bone mass is usually achieved when people are in their 20’s.

Calcium is needed for more than just healthy bones. It is also important for muscle contraction, blood vessel contraction and expansion, the secretion of hormones and enzymes, and sending messages through the nervous system. A meta-analysis of 56 clinical trials demonstrated a significant impact on heart health resulting from increasing calcium intake by 1000 to 2000 mg/day.11 In addition, recent evidence suggests that increased intake of calcium may help in weight control as well.12-15

Calcium and other minerals are best not taken with fiber, because fiber can interfere with their absorption.1-5 There is evidence that calcium from supplements and dairy foods may inhibit iron absorption, although it has been very difficult to distinguish between the effects of calcium on iron absorption versus other inhibitory factors such as phytate.27

Therefore, if you are iron deficient, it may be best to avoid taking calcium with meals.28  Calcium supplements are best administered at dinner and/or bedtime. They should always be taken with a full glass of water, juice, or other liquid to enhance solubility.29 If calcium-containing formulas are taken only once daily they may be best taken in the evening.30

Magnesium is one of the body’s most important minerals. It is required as a co-factor in hundreds of enzymatic processes within cells.16 It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong.* Magnesium also helps to maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels already within normal range, and is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.17,18*

Magnesium is a major factor in relaxing the smooth muscles within the blood vessels, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and promoting a healthy cardiovascular system.19-21*  Magnesium also affects circulating levels of norepinephrine and the synthesis of serotonin and nitric oxide.16,22-24

In bone mineral health, magnesium (or lack of) influences the bone mineral matrix and its ability to metabolize minerals needed for repair and rebuilding.25, 26 The scientific literature documents the need for a wide range of minerals that

Boron is an essential nutrient for optimal calcium metabolism and healthy bones and joints.50,52,58-60,146 Boron may affect human steroid hormone levels. Dietary boron intake may support a healthy prostate.147-149

As an essential co-factor of glutathione peroxidase,82 selenium is an important antioxidant.83 Selenium is incorporated into proteins to make selenoproteins, which are important antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of selenoproteins help prevent cellular damage from free radicals. Other selenoproteins help regulate thyroid function and play a role in the immune system, DNA repair, and the detoxification of heavy metals.83-87 For best results, take with meals.

This product provides the most advanced forms of selenium on the market. Vitamin E has been added because it works synergistically with selenium.90

Iron is an integral part of many proteins and enzymes that maintain good health. In humans, iron is an essential component of proteins involved in oxygen transport. It is also essential for the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. A deficiency of iron limits oxygen delivery to cells, resulting in fatigue, poor work performance, and decreased immunity. Conversely, excess amounts of iron can result in toxicity and even death.

Supplementation with iron protein succinylate has shown the following:

• Promotes healthy red blood cell formation141-143
• Supports healthy oxygen carrying capacity of blood (hemoglobin)141-143

Iron protein succinylate is a highly absorbable form of iron and is easier on the stomach than other forms of iron.144,145 Iron protein succinylate is a non-toxic iron compound.

Magnesium is one of the body’s most important minerals. It is required as a co-factor in hundreds of enzymatic processes within cells.16 It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, promotes a healthy cardiovascular function, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong. Magnesium also helps maintain blood sugar and blood pressure levels already within normal range, and it is known to be involved in energy metabolism and protein synthesis.17,18

Magnesium is a major factor in relaxing the smooth muscles within the blood vessels, thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and promoting a healthy cardiovascular system.19-21 Magnesium also affects circulating levels of norepinephrine and the synthesis of serotonin and nitric oxide.16,22-24

Magnesium positively influences the bone mineral matrix and its ability to metabolize minerals needed for repair and rebuilding.25,26 The scientific literature documents the need for a wide range of minerals, including calcium and magnesium, that are vital to maintaining strong, healthy bones.

A review of assimilation studies suggests that the citrate salt of magnesium is the best absorbed into the bloodstream.69,70 Magnesium citrate, however, is comprised of only 16% magnesium, and the recommended intake of elemental magnesium is 300 mg to 800 mg a day.71,72

Vanadyl sulfate is an effective form of the trace mineral vanadium. Research indi-cates vanadyl sulfate may improve tissue sensitivity and promote already healthy glucose metabolism for those within normal range.150-155

Chromium is an essential trace mineral that has been shown to promote cardiovascular health, sensitize insulin response and act as an anti-oxidant.102-105,108 Not all forms of chromium are equally effective. According to a recent study, chromium polynicotinate not only improves insulin sensitivity, but also helps maintain healthy systolic blood pressure already within normal range, and reduces oxidative stress.109 Chromium also plays a role in food intake regulation.110 Along with regular exercise, 400–600 mcg of chromium polynicotinate has been shown to support healthy weight control in women.104,111

Zinc is a mineral essential for formation of superoxide dismutase, one of the body’s most important free radical scavengers and one that cannot be directly supplemented. Zinc also promotes wound healing, immune function, taste sensitivity, protein synthesis, insulin production, and reproduction including organ development and sperm motility.

Calcium/Magnesium Powder is a good source of elemental calcium and magnesium for healthy people. It is best used as a buffering agent, added to acidic vitamins in solution to neutralize their pH. The presence of the acid will ionize the calcium and magnesium, greatly aiding their absorption.

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is a white, crystalline, water-soluble substance found in citrus fruits and green vegetables. As an antioxidant, vitamin C scavenges free radicals in the body and protects tissues from oxidative stress.21-28 Vitamin C also promotes the absorption of iron, while preventing its oxidation.29,30 Vitamin C is a vital co-factor to the formation of collagen, the connective tissue that supports arterial walls, skin, bones, and teeth. 25-27

More vitamin C is contained in the adrenal glands than any other organ in the body and is required at higher levels during times of stress.31-34 Physical stresses on the body such as ingestion of heavy metals,35-40 cigarette smoking,41-44 immune impairment,45-51 extreme temperatures,52-56 and chronic use of certain medications such as aspirin also signal the need for increased intake of vitamin C.57

Along with ascorbic acid, vitamin C also comes in at least two other forms: chemically bonded to minerals as ascorbates, and as the fat-soluble ascorbyl palmitate.58-60 Both of these forms are non-acidic.

Zinc is a mineral that stimulates the activity of approximately 100 enzymes, which are substances that promote biochemical reactions in your body. These reactions are essential for the formation of superoxide dismutase, one of the body’s most important free radical scavengers. Zinc also promotes immune function,112-115 taste sensitivity,116-119 protein and DNA synthesis,120-122 insulin production,123,124 reproductive organ development and sperm motility.125-127 Zinc also supports normal growth and development during pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence.128-130

Age-related declines in immune function are associated with zinc deficiency, and the elderly represent a group that is vulnerable to mild zinc deficiency. Certain aspects of immune function in the elderly have been found to improve with zinc supplementation.112-114,116,131

Zinc lozenges with Vitamin C can provide immune support during the winter season.135-140 These lozenges are sweetened with sucrose and mannitol and have a natural orange flavor.

Calcium carbonate is an inexpensive supplement, which is an effective source of calcium for many people, but not for those with inadequate stomach acid or other absorption problems. Since older people often have such problems, this product is not recommended as a calcium source for those over 50. However, calcium carbonate is a very good buffering agent to be added to acidic vitamins in solution in order to neutralize their pH and make them more palatable with fewer side effects.52

Magnesium oxide is usable as a source of supplemental magnesium or as a buffering agent to reduce the acidity of ascorbic acid or niacin. Magnesium oxide in large doses has a laxative effect.58,59